The medium?term effects of forest operations on a mixed broadleaf forest: Changes in soil properties and loss of nutrients

This study took place in a mixed deciduous forest located Northern Iran to investigate the effects of two types silvicultural methods, specifically single-selection method and group-selection method. The also included observation skid trails terms runoff, sediment yield, loss NO3-N PO4-P. process recovery was studied by assessment these characteristics after completion operations for period 3 years. Although there is considerable amount literature on topic soil erosion caused harvesting, little information regarding medium-term different sizes gaps canopy. attempt gather data done designating hillslope plots directly affected machinery passage trails, as well felling correlation with methods. Plots were marked an unharvested area control. results confirmed suitability retention forestry within framework sustainable management. A majority gathered showed no difference between single selection control area. What more, values obtained from correlated group resulted be same 2 years harvesting. However, disturbance significantly higher level impact, time needed at least